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'ENGRAVING AND GARVING MAGHINB.

Patented May 19, 1.896.

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No. 560,574. Patented May 19, 1896.

ANDREW RGRANAM.FHDTO-LFI'HQWASHINGTON. D C.

(No Model.) 8 Sheets-Sheet 3,

O. 0. DELIN. ENGRAVING AND GARVING MACHINE.

No. 560,574. Patented MaylQ, 1896.

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ENGRAVING AND 'GARVING MACHINE.

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ENGRAVING AND GARVING MACHINE.

Patented May 19, 1896.

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No. 560,574. Patented May 19, 1896.

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(No Model.) 8 Sheets-Sheet 7. O. 0. DELIN. ENGRAVING AND CARV-ING MACHINE.

' Patented May 19, 1896.

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8 Sheets-Sheet 8.

(No Model.) v O. 0. DELIN.

ENGRAVING AND CARVI NG MACHINE.

UNITED STATES ATENT Futon.

CHARLES CLAUDE DELIN, OF PARIS, FRANCE.

ENGRAVING AND CARVING MACHINE.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 560,574, dated May 19, 1896.

Application filed August 1 3, 1 8 9 4.

To all whom it may concern.-

Be it known that 1, CHARLES CLAUDE DE- LIN, a citizen of France, and a resident of Paris, in the Department of the Seine, France, have invented a new and useful Improvement in Engraving and Carving Machines, of which the following is a specification.

This invention consists of a sculpturing or carving machine enabling any given model or pattern to be automatically reproduced, the size of the copy being either the same as that of the original or being enlarged or reduced.

The invention will be best understood by reference to the accompanying drawings, showing, by way of example, a carving-machine constructed in accordance with this invention, and in which- Figure 1 is a longitudinal elevation of the machine. Fig. 2 is a side view, and Fig. 3 a plan thereof with the tool-carrier 1 1 and its supporting-slide omitted and with the upper portion of the machine partlyremoved. Fig. at is a top view of the gearing whereby the vertical rising motion is imparted to the supports with the uppermost of the gears omitted. Fig. 4; is a plan of said uppermost gears arranged for redu cin g the motion imparted from the guide-raising tothe tool-raising screw. Fig. 5 is an end view of the carriage supporting the tool or cutter. Fig. 6 is a plan, partly in axial longitudinal section, of one of the hydraulic cylinders. Fig. 7 is an axial longitudinal section of the tool-holder with its electrical motor. Fig. 8 is a sectional longitudinal elevation of an electrical automatic releasing mechanism operated by the guide, and Fig. 9 is an axial longitudinal section of an electrical friction clutch or coupling.

The machine mainly consists of two rotary holders or lathes having vertical shafts and of which one carries the statue serving as a model, while the other supports the block or blank to be carved, and of combined mechanism comprising a rotary cutter adapted to work the blank and a guide for conducting the said cutter. For this purpose the guide is, either by hand or automatically, caused to approach the surface of the model or pattern, the same movement causing the cutter workin g in the blank to reach but not to go beyond the position corresponding to the surface of Serial No. 520,177. (No model.)

the statue to be reproduced either on the same or on an enlarged or reduced scale.

The guide and tool may be moved together (by hand or otherwise) during the cutting operation, or they may be moved together before the cutting operation is performed, the cutting-tool being then advanced (preferably by a hydraulic mechanism, as described below) a predetermined distance, while the guide and connecting mechanism are held stationary.

The shafts or spindles of the rotary holders may either be vertical or arranged, parallel to each other, in any other position, either horizontal or inclined. These spindles 1 and. 2 are driven from a shaft 3, provided with two endless screws or worms gearing with wormwheels, being both revolved thereby at the same speed, while the direction of motion of each may either be the same as or opposite to that of the other, according as it is desired to reproduce the outlines of the pattern in the same or the opposite direction.v The blanks are supported in the rotary holders by two centers or simply fastened on the plates 4 and 5. As shown, there is above the plate 5 a center 109, Fig. 1, mounted on a verticallysliding bracket 108, which is adjusted vertically by the screw 107, that is turned by the hand-wheel 106 through bevel-gear. A similar hand-wheel (marked 106 in Figs. 2 and 3) serves to adjust the center over the plate 4 through asimilar screw and slide. (See Fig.1.)

The mechanism which carries the cutter and guide mainly consists of a central shaft or spindle, the axis 6 of which is parallel to those of the spindles 1 and 2 of the model and block holders, and which is adapted to be revolved by hand or otherwise about its said axis 6 on a pivot 7, Figs. 1 and 2. This spindle, through the medium of longitudinal slide-grooves, such as 8 and 9, carries two supports or carriages 10 and 11 of identical shape, one of which, 10, carries the rotary cutter and the other, 11, the guide. Each of these supports or carriages is so arranged as to enable the cutter and guide to take up various positions at suitable angles either to the horizon or to the axis of the said shaft or spindle, so that they may accommodate themselves to the various recesses of the pieces to be reproduced. For this purpose each carriage consists of four separate parts. The first part comprises the slideway 8 9 of the central spindle and a circular plate 12, situated in a plane parallel to the said spindle, while its central axis intersects the axis of that central spindle. The second part comprises a collar 13, surrounding the said plate, and an arm 10, extending at right angles to the plane of that plate. The third part comprises a slide 14, adapted to move along the said arm, and a circular slideway 15, forming an arc of about onehundred and twenty degrees, and the center of which is in the line of the central axis of the said plate. The fourth part comprises the earriage 1G proper, adapted to slide in the circular slideway and carrying the guide or the rotary cutter, as the case may be. These circular slidewa-ys serve to give parallel directions to the guide and cutter without shifting their points.

In order to enable the guide and cutter to be quickly inclined in parallel directions, each of the collars 13 is toothed and caused to engage with an endless screw or worm 17. The two worms are mounted on two small grooved spindles 18 18 parallel to the main central spindle and capable of being operated by hand through the medium of one common driving-spindle 19, Figs. 1 and Thus by turning this spindle both the supports or carriages may be inclined at the same angle.

The guide consists either simply of a point made of wood or metal and adapted to reproduce the same outline as that followed by the rotary cutter if necessary, with the desired reduction or enlargement of the scale, or of an automatic electrical style mechair ism presently to be described.

The rotary cutter for wood-carving consists of bits or blades of helieoid or any other usual shape keyed directly onto the shaft of an electrical high-speed motor.

For marble sculpture the cutter consists of an iron or steel tube 20, Fig. 7, set with diamonds on the operative portion and directly wedged on the shaft of an electrical motor 21. In this case the electrical motor is secured upon the carriage 16 through the medium of a slide 16* and one or two hydraulic pistons or rams, such as 22, Fig. 6, adapted to cause the whole arrangement to advance or reeede, so that when the tool is brought up in front of the block or blank and set in operation it will automatically move forward until it reaches within the body or substance of the block a point corresponding to what should be the surface of the statue which is being made. The pistons 22 move in the cylinders 22'. A water-current conducted through the shaft 20 of the dynamo 21 serves to cool the diamond-set cutter or tool. This cutter may also be carried out in the shape of a blade adapted to remove or cut away a thin layer of material along the entire surface of the block or statue. An exact copy of the model or pattern of the same size or on an enlarged or reducedscaleis obtained owin g to the peculiar arrangement of the guide and tool carrying mechanism taken as a whole and mainly comprising the following parts and adjustable devices: The two slides, arranged to move upon the central spindle of this mechanism, are each operated by a long screw 23, equal to the said spindle in length. These screws or worms are actuated by a set of gear-wheels, (shown in plan in Fig. 4,) which. wheels are mounted upon the same central spindle that has just been mentioned and are adapted to impart to both the said screws rotary motion, which shall be equal or unequal according as the size of the model is or is not to be reduced or'enlarged. This motion, proportionate to the desired scale, is of course obtained by the employment of changewheels, so that while one of the screws or.

worms 3 causes its tapped sleeve or nut to travel through the entire height or depth of the pattern the other screw makes its nut similarly travel over the whole copy, the said nuts in their turn setting in motion the respective guide and cutter carriers. The shaft of wheel 101, Figs. 1, 2, and r, is shown as adjustable in an arc-shaped slot 102, so as to allow a larger or smaller gear 103 to be placed on the tool-raising shaft 23, the arrangement constituting a common form of changewheels. Furthermore, by the proper ad 3' ustment of the respective lengths of the arms 10 and 11 the required distances between the point of the tool and the axis of the central spindle and between the point of the guide and the said axis may be determined, so that the relation between these distances may be the same as the desired ratio of size or scale between the pattern and copy. It follows that every movement of the tool or cutter about the central spindle is proportioned to the corresponding movement of the guide at the same ratio. Besides the machine is so adjusted that the spindles 1 and 2 of the pat tern and blank holders, respectively, are also at the same distances as the points of the tool and guide from the central spindle or shaft 6. In other words, the adjustment is such that when the point of the tool meets the axis of rotation of the blank-holder the point of the guide meets the axis of rotation of the pattern-holder, so that as the guide follows the outline of the pattern the tool delineates the identical outline on the surface of the blank. The mechanism also comprises means for turning the statues or the screws or worms in either direction such means consisting of the usual 1notion-transmitting devices or d rivinggear mounted outside the machine.

The automatic operation of the guide and cutter may be insured, if preferred, by the employment of a guide fitted with an electrically-operated style constructed in the manner illustrated in Fig. 8. The guide 2i is fitted in a socket or sleeve 25, placed upon sented in Fig. 9.

a circular plate or disk 26, adapted to oscillate freely within a cup or dish 27. The said disk 26 is forced back to its normal position by a rod 28, subjected to the pressure of a spiral spring 29. The moment the guide 24 meets the pattern it repels the rod 28. This .rod presses upon the movable block 30 and tends to bring it nearer to the stationary block 31. Between these two blocks is interposed a slightly-bent steel spring 32, carrying a contact-piece 33. \Vhen the said blocks 30 and 31 are moved closer together, the spring 32 is compressed to a proportionate extent. The contact 33 accordingly draws nearer to the contact 34, and when both contacts meet a circuit is closed through 35, 31, 32, 33, 34, and 36. hen this electrical circuit is closed, it throws into gear a device which at once moves the guide away from the pattern and the tool from the blank or block which is being carved, and as the mechanism is thus thrown into gear the guide is released again and consequently the circuit broken. It is therefore only necessary to bring such guide again into contact with the pattern by hand or by means of a spring to cause the machine to resume its operation, which may thus be continued indefinitely.

An electrical coupling arrangement capable of accomplishing the objects stated is repre- It consists of an annular clectromagnet, the coil 37 of which is inclosed in a soft-iron armature 38. This electromagnet is shown with its coil 37 mounted in a cup on gear-wheel 42 and a soft-iron armature 38, similarly mounted in a cup on the gear 41. On the passage of the current the armature is attracted by the magnet and a friction-coupling established between the clutch-cones 39 and 39, (on the respective gears 41 and 42,) which cones are normally kept at a very short distance fromeach other by an internal spiral spring 40. As the current passes, the motion of the gear-wheel 41, which is being constantly driven by the external driving-gear through any suitable connections, which may include a pinion and counter-shaft 71, as represented in Figs: 1 and 3, is transmitted through the medium of the friction-coupling to the gear-wheel 42, when this wheel actuates a toothedsector 42, with which it is in gear and which is wedged or keyed onto the central spindle of the guide and tool-carrying supports, both the guide and tool being thereby moved away from the pattern and blank, respectively. The arrangement may, however, be reversed-e'. 6., the electrical coupling mechanism may cause the guide and tool to approach the pattern and blank instead of receding therefrom, while the position of the small spring 32 of the electrical guide may be so inverted that the electrical contact should be broken instead of being made when the guide meets the pattern or model. In that case, therefore, it will be necessary so to move the guide and tool by hand or by means of a spring that they may recede from instead of approaching the pattern and blank, respectively.

In working marble or stone by a juxtaposition of perforations it is advantageous to adjust the guide and tool preparatory to the cutting operation and to effect the cutting while the guide and connecting mechanism are held stationary, during which time, as well as during the preparatory adjustment, the electric clutch may be put out of action by having the circuit broken. To hold the guide and connecting mechanism, there may be arranged between the arm or bracket 10, carrying the rotary tool, and one of the uprights of the machine a rod or link 43, Fig. 3, adjustable by means of a screw 44, which enables the said link to be firmly secured in position while a perforation is being made.

Having thus particularly described and ascertained the nature of my invention and the manner of carrying it out, I declare that I do not strictly confine myself to the shapes, dimensions, proportions, and materials named in the present specification or shown by way of example in the accompanying drawings, as they may be varied, if necessary; but

What I claim is- 1. A sculpturing or carving machine composed of two rotary holders for the model and the block respectively, a guide for touching the model, a tool for cutting the block, and connecting mechanism composed of a central shaft or spindle provided with vertical slideways, slides movable on said ways .and provided with outwardly projecting carriers, means for adjusting the tool and guide on said carriers at variable distances from the axis of said shaft or spindle, means for raising and lowering said slides, and variable transmitting devices so that the said guide controls the tool movements while allowing such motions to be increased or diminished for copying the model on an enlarged or on a reduced scale; substantially as described.

2. The combination with the guide and tool, of the carriers therefor mechanically connected so as to move together horizontally, separate screws for raising and lowering said carriers, one screw engaging each carrier and variable transmitting-gear between said screws; substantially as described.

3. The combination with the rotary holders for the model and block respectively, and the guide and tool, of the carriers for the guide and tool mechanically connected so asto move together horizontally, separate screws for raising and lowering said carriers, one screw engaging each carrier and variable transmittinggearbetween said screws; substantially as described.

- 4. The combination with the rotary holders for the model and block respectively, of the vertical shaft or spindle provided with vertical slideways, slides movable on said Ways, and provided with outwardly-projecting carriers, a tool on one of said carriers, a guide on another of said carriers, and means for raising and lowering said slides and carriers; substantially as described.

5. The combination with the rotary holders for the model and block respectively, and the guide and tool, of the carriers for the guide and tool mounted on a vertical shaft or spindle so as to move together horizontally about the axis of said shaft or spindle, means whereby the said carriers are made adjustable angularly about horizontal axes, and means for raising and lowering said carriers; substantially as described.

6. The combination with the guid e and tool, of the carriers therefor mechanically conn ected so as to move together horizontally, means for raising and lowering said carriers, and means whereby the position of said guide and tool may be adjusted angularly about vertical axes; substantially as described.

7. The combination with the guide and tool, of the carriers thereformechanically connected so to move together horizontally, means for raising and lowering said carriers, means whereby said carriers are made adjustable angularly about horizontal axes, and means whereby the position of said guide and tool may be adjusted angularly about vertical axes; substantially as described.

8. The combination wit-h the rotary holders for the model and block respectively, the

guide, the carriers for the guide and tool, and connecting mechanism composed of means for simultaneously moving said carriers vertically and means for simultaneously moving them horizontally, of a tool and carriage movable on the tool-carrier, means for moving said carriage and tool on said tool-carrier, and means for holding the guide and tool carriers in position during such advance of said tool and carriage; substantially as described.

9. The combination of the rotary holders for the model and block respectively, the tool, the guide, the tool and guide carriers, connecting mechanism composed of means for producing a simultaneous movement of said carriers vertically and means for producing a simultaneous movement of said carriers horizontally, a clutch for controlling the cut ting by said tool,and clutch-con trollin g means connected with said guide and clutch and arranged to be actuated by the horizontal movement of said guide and tool carriers; substantially as described.

In testimony whereof I have signed this specification in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.

CHARLES CLAUDE DELIN.

Witnesses:

XV. FERY, GEoRG'Es Dawn. 

